Robust Optimization for a Bi-Objective Green Closed-Loop Supply Chain with Heterogeneous Transportation System and Presorting Consideration

In this study, we propose a robust bi-objective optimization model of the green closed-loop supply chain network considering presorting, heterogeneous transportation system, and carbon emissions. The proposed is an uncertain mixed-integer linear that maximizes profit minimizes emissions by costs, selling price, approach implemented using combined interval polyhedral, “Interval+ Polyhedral,” uncertainty set to develop counterpart model. Robust Pareto optimal solutions are obtained lexicographic weighted Tchebycheff Intensive computational experiments conducted front with probability guarantee constraints containing parameters not violated (constraint satisfaction).